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The impact a crowd can make, particularly in elite level sport, is huge:

• A very supportive crowd ������ positively effect a performer.
• A hostile and critical crowd one can have numerous negative implications for performance.

Crowd influence often impacts a performer mentally. However, when the root cause of the answer given in sentences one and two of the 3-step process refers to the crowd, the answer will remain social.

Example of crowd influence

In May 2019, Liverpool FC trailed FC Barcelona 3-0 as they entered the second leg of their Champions League tie at their home stadium, Anfield.

Before the game, players from both sides made reference to the impact the crowd could have:

• Liverpool players spoke of belief because they had the crowd behind them
• Barcelona players admitted the tie was not over, due to the role the Anfield crowd could play

The crowd were continuously booing and whistling when the FC Barcelona players got the ball. Despite being renowned for their composure, Barcelona were suddenly making basic mistakes such as inaccurate passes and taking poor touches.