Practice exam questions - applied anatomy and physiology
Questions
- Identify the equation to work out cardiac output (Q). (1)
- A) stroke volume × heart rate
- B) blood pressure × heart rate
- C) tidal volume × stroke volume
- D) blood pressure × stroke volume
- Identify the muscle that forms an antagonistic pair with the triceps. (1)
- Describe the action of the diaphragm when breathing in. (2)
- Discuss how the cardiovascular system adapts to long term aerobic exercise participation. (8)
Answers
- A
- Q = HR x SV or 180 x 120 which equals Q = 21600 ml or 21.6 l
- Biceps
- The diaphragm contracts (1) and flattens (1)
- Answer to include:
- decreased resting BP
- cardiac hypertrophy – increased stroke volume (SV), increased cardiac output (Q), decreased resting heart rate (HR) , increased max Q, increased HR reserve means the athlete can train at the same intensity at lower HR
- capillarisation around the alveoli and skeletal muscle means greater O2 diffusion
- Increased strength of respiratory muscles, increased vital capacity, decreased breathing frequency (f), decreased tidal volume means greater amount of O2 available to working muscle
- Increased red blood cell production, increased haemoglobin level, increased O2 carrying capacity, increased gaseous exchange, means greater O2 carrying capacity