Yeast cells - an example of a fungus
Yeast are single-celled fungi. Like plants, they have a cell wall. However, unlike plants, they are unable to make their own food.
Like animals, they take in chemicals from their environment. These chemicals are To engage in respiration, the energy-producing process inside living cells. to provide energy.
Humans have used yeast for many thousands of years for brewing and baking. Brewing uses anaerobic respiration. Baking uses aerobic respiration.
Structure functions common to animal cells:
| Cell structure | Function |
| Cytoplasm | Where enzymes and other proteins are made. Location of reactions in anaerobic respiration. |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA which carries the genetic code for making enzymes and other proteins used in chemical reactions such as photosynthesis and respiration. |
| Cell membrane | Allows gases and water to diffuse freely into and out of the cell. Controls the transport of other molecules. |
| Mitochondrion (plural is mitochondria) | Contains enzymes for the reactions in aerobic respiration (in animals, plants and yeast). |
| Ribosome | Where amino acids are joined together to make a protein. |
| Cell structure | Cytoplasm |
|---|---|
| Function | Where enzymes and other proteins are made. Location of reactions in anaerobic respiration. |
| Cell structure | Nucleus |
|---|---|
| Function | Contains DNA which carries the genetic code for making enzymes and other proteins used in chemical reactions such as photosynthesis and respiration. |
| Cell structure | Cell membrane |
|---|---|
| Function | Allows gases and water to diffuse freely into and out of the cell. Controls the transport of other molecules. |
| Cell structure | Mitochondrion (plural is mitochondria) |
|---|---|
| Function | Contains enzymes for the reactions in aerobic respiration (in animals, plants and yeast). |
| Cell structure | Ribosome |
|---|---|
| Function | Where amino acids are joined together to make a protein. |
Structure common to plant cells:
| Structure | Function |
| Cell wall | Made from chitin and strengthens the cell. |
| Structure | Cell wall |
|---|---|
| Function | Made from chitin and strengthens the cell. |