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Biomechanics is the analysis of human movements in sport. It explains how and why the body moves. There are a number of methods used to analyse movement. One used often by coaches and sports scientists is the analysis of movement phases. There are three movement phases:

• preparation – the movements an athlete makes while preparing to perform the skill
• execution – the movements made while performing the main part of the skill
• recovery the movements that allow an athlete to regain balance and/or position after performing the skill (sometimes in order to go into action with another performance)

As sports movements are complex, each phase is often divided into sub-phases. For example:

Types of analysis

During each of the movement phases, analysis may focus on:

• body position
• head position
• arm/hand position and movements
• leg/foot position and movements
• timing
• power
• effect on the results

Watch a slow motion demonstration by Pat Cash to see the phases of movement in a tennis serve.