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The Beginning of the Restoration
On Oliver Cromwell's death the Commons set about regaining all the powers which it believed Cromwell had taken over. Parliament did not believe the Army should be separate. Within four months of coming to power Richard Cromwell found himself deserted on all sides. The army demanded the dissolution of Parliament - they wanted a pure republic.
Richard Cromwell was overthrown and the army resurrected the Rump Parliament. However, the army was divided. The troops became unconfident in the army's ability to rule and called for reconciliation with Parliament. General Monck, Commander in Chief of the army, marched on London. He opposed the idea that the army should rule, he accepted the need for free parliamentary elections. On those elections men who did not believe in England as a Republic came back into power. The Restoration of the Monarchy was inevitable.
George Monck |
GEORGE MONCK (1608-1670)- The first Duke of Albemarle
- Fought for the King until captured in 1644
- From 1647 he accepted Parliamentarian commands, proving unbeatable in Ireland and Scotland
- Transferred to naval command in the 1652-1654 Dutch Wars
- In 1659, he marched south attracting many supporters
- Ordered the unpurged Long Parliament's reinstatement
- Spurned offers of supreme power
- Opened negotiations with Charles II and secured his restoration
- Retained military influence but kept out of politics
In 1658 Catholics were not allowed to travel more than five miles from their own homes. Should they need to travel further they had to apply for a licence.
 
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| 1625 | James I dies
Charles I becomes King of England
Charles I marries Henrietta Maria of France
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| 1626 | Parliament meets, impeaches Buckingham, is dissolved by Charles I
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| 1627 | Expedition to La Rochelle
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| 1628 | Buckingham assassinated
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| 1629 | Charles I dissolves Parliament - Eleven Year Tyranny begins
Peace is made with France
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| 1630 | Peace is made with Spain
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| 1633 | Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
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| 1639 | First Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Berwick
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| 1640 | Parliament recalled - The Short Parliament
Second Bishops' War ends - Treaty of Ripon
Long Parliament meets (-1653)
Strafford is impeached
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| 1645 | New Model Army is established
Laud is executed
Use of the prayer book is forbidden
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| 1646 | Charles I surrenders to the Scots
Receives propositions of Newcastle
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| 1647 | Scots hand Charles I over to the English
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| 1649 | Charles I is tried and executed
The monarchy and the House of Lords are abolished
The Commonwealth is declared.
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| 1658 | Oliver Cromwell dies
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| 1660 | Charles II signs the Declaration of Breda
Charles II is restored to the throne
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| 1662 | Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza
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| SEVENTEENTH CENTURY WRITERS AND POETS AND THEIR RELIGIONS | | • | Taylor, Church of England |
| • | Vaughan, Church of England |
| • | John Donne, Church of England |
| • | Dryden, Roman Catholic |
| • | Richard Crashaw, Roman Catholic |
| • | Milton, Puritan |
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