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Anarchy Henry I died in 1135 leaving the succession to be contested between his daughter, Matilda (or Maud) and his nephew, Stephen. Stephen was the choice of the English and was first to arrive in London and he was crowned King. Henry I's bastard son, Robert of Gloucester, supported his half sister, Matilda. He, with King David I of the Scots planned an invasion from the north. Stephen had also offended the Church and the Archbishop of York advanced against him. A terrible battle was fought, known as the Battle of Standards and Stephen won a victory. Far from ending the controversies this proved a prelude to Civil War. In 1141 a huge rebellion broke out and Stephen I was taken prisoner at the Battle of Lincoln. Matilda had her chance, but was so arrogant and unfeeling that Stephen was released and welcomed back. By 1145 Stephen was back on the throne. In 1147 Robert of Gloucester died and Matilda's claim to the throne rested upon her son, Henry. Henry was a Plantagenet, his father was the Holy Roman Emperor. Stephen's only son was killed and the people, the bishops and the magnates persuaded him to adopt Henry as his son and heir. In 1154 Stephen died and Henry Plantagenet became Henry II of England.
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