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New Zealand's street gangs are established, territorial and notoriously intimidating. There are more than forty different gangs, many steeped in crime and violence that hold entire communities in their grip - and membership is for life.

Poorer areas are particularly affected, and a disproportionate number of members are Maori or Pacific Islanders.

For Assignment Rebecca Kesby talks to the people at the centre of the country鈥檚 unique gang culture.

Leaving the gangs is incredibly difficult, and "punishments" are often administered to those that try. But while some leaders say they're working to change things from within, others are seeking help from organisations like the Church to get out.

This programme contains description of torture and sexual violence which some listeners may find disturbing.