ࡱ> CEB%` .bjbjNN .8,,.PPPPPPPd d d5%0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$$$$$$$&h%)J$P0 0 $PP0 0 $rP0 P0 $$PP0 $ @0 j $%05%,o)6o)o)P 0 $  ^0 0 0 $$ 0 0 0 5%ddddddddddPPPPPP The Book of Irish Writers, Chapter 7 Adomnn - Around 627 to 704 Saint Adomnn was the ninth abbot of Iona. While his fellow Saint, Patrick, presents himself as uneducated and an outsider - Adomnn comes from an entirely different background. He was part of the royal U Nill dynasty the descendents of Niall Nogallach, a High King of Ireland and he probably grew up in the area that we now know as Donegal. Adomnns reputation rests on the period that he spent as abbot of Iona from the years 679 to 704, the last 25 years of his life. Iona a small island in the Inner Hebrides - was the site of an important monastery. A large federation of churches were controlled from the island and the abbot was a powerful figure. The work of the abbot wasnt solely religious, as we would understand it now; the role was reserved for members of the U Nill clan only of which Adomnn was one. He would have been involved in political dealings - both inside and outside Ireland and particularly with the powerful neighbouring kingdom of Northumbria. In the year 697 Adomnn gave the Lex innocentium or, the Law of the Innocents - to the Irish. This set of laws offered the protection of Adomnn, and his successors, to women, children and clerics. The idea was to shield these innocents from the consequences of war. There are severe penalties for a number of offences, particularly against women - For whoever slays a woman shall be condemned to a twofold punishment - that is his right hand and his left foot shall be cut off before death, and then he shall die. By protecting women and others in this way, Adomnn established them as non-combatants - and so provided rules of warfare for Christians. Another work, De locis sanctis or, About the Holy Places is based on a meeting with Arculf, a Frankish bishop. Arculf provided Adomnn with an account of his pilgrimage to the holy places of Palestine, the Near East, and the Mediterranean. There is an annual custom whereby a huge concourse of people comes together in Jerusalem. Owing to the very great number of their animals, filth from their discharges spreads everywhere the stench proving no little annoyance to the citizens. Wonderful to relate, on the night which the said bands depart an immense downpour renders the city clean of dirt. Throughout the work Adomnn makes it clear that he has questioned Arculf closely - and that hes checked whatever Arculf says against all available sources. The book therefore contributes to the study of scriptural places and names and clears up all the disputed interpretations that have gone before. Another work, Vita Columbae or, The Life of Columba - has a similarly scholarly basis. As well as being a biography of Columba, the founder of Iona, its also a source for the early history of the Irish church. Once again, Adomnn tests the many oral narratives and tales about Columba which had been passed down on Iona he carefully checks them all against other sources. Much of the biography is conventional in its account of Columbas piety, but theres a clear sense too of an individualised portrait of Columba the man, loved by the other monks. The biography also has what could be called a political aspect. At this time the Irish church remained distinct from the Roman church in a number of ways - the dating of Easter being one. Adomnn himself was a convert to the Roman approach! There was a sharp division between the two camps. Adomnn was able to persuade many of his fellows in the Irish church to conform to Roman observance but, Iona and its associated churches did not accept Roman dating until long after Adomnns death. By writing the life of Columba, who had stuck to Celtic custom, Adomnn was trying to keep a sense of continuity within the Irish church - despite his own opposing attitude. The biography also asserts, through Columba, the great importance of the Irish church at the time. Columbas sanctity is such that his fame is by no means confined to - This small and remote island in the Britannic ocean It extends throughout Ireland and Britain and into Spain, and Gaul, and Italy and the Roman city itself, which is the chief of all cities And so Saint Adomnn leaves us with a clear sense not just of the power of the early Irish church - but also how outward looking and international it was in his time. $%,/=ABHm¬ƒp]pI]I]I]6$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_hfV6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hfVCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h![CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hhCJOJQJ^J_H aJ*hG_hfV5>*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ*hG_hh5>*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ*hG_h(5>*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ&hG_hh5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ&hG_hfV5>*CJOJQJ^JaJ%ABm & % 0I#{xx1$7$8$H$^gdh^gdhgdhxx1$7$8$H$gdhxxgdh.      % 4 : E e ززxbJ5(hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH .hG_h![CJOJQJ\]^JaJmH sH +hG_h![CJOJQJ\^JaJmH sH $hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hvyCJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_hvy6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h![CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hfVCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h(6CJOJQJ^J_H aJe  & + ~  ðÊÝwwdwðQwQ$hG_h/TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h9CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hvyCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h![CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hqCJOJQJ^J_H aJ(hG_h![CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (hG_hqCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH   e j  " $ % ( űwŞdQwd>$hG_h}*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hqCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_he|ICJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h(6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h9CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hvyCJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_hq6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h/TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h/T6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ( 1 5 = F G V W }   2 5 Į훈t`Mڈ`$hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_hF6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h(6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hqCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h9CJOJQJ^J_H aJ*hG_hF6CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ*hG_h(6CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hFCJOJQJ^J_H aJ5 7 @ A G J ./0Nı؞r\I6$hG_h}*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h qCJOJQJ^J_H aJ+hG_hG_6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +hG_h q6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +hG_h}*6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH $hG_hFCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h(6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h$ CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h$ 6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ NZcx6ůŚůŇs]JJJ7$hG_h/TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ*hG_h(6CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ'hG_hF6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hFCJOJQJ^J_H aJ(hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH +hG_h}*6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH (hG_h}*CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH $hG_h}*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^J_H aJjko HIıwddQ=dQw'hG_hq2T6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h9CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h$ CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h/T6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h/TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h}*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h}*6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h q6CJOJQJ^J_H aJIXe!#-.Cft}+/AB\`z|ċxdx'hG_h}*6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h}*CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hhCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h$ CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ*hG_hF6CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ"+2567?GMT\ak  ;aز؟yeyزyزy'hG_hF^6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hF^CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hq2TCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h9CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h$ CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h(6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'{7l,-,-.gdhxx1$7$8$H$gdhxx1$7$8$H$^gdh<xx1$7$8$H$^<`gdhxx1$7$8$H$^gdG_<xx1$7$8$H$^<`gdh<xx1$7$8$H$^<gdh HN[z*,-GHLڳǟxdzǟdzdPd'hG_h9CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ'hG_h(CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ$hG_h qCJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_hi6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h q6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ'hG_h(6CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hiCJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ$hG_hF^CJOJQJ^J_H aJ +,-.똇 hhh q hG_hNCJOJQJ^JaJ$hG_h(CJOJQJ^J_H aJ*hG_hi6CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ*hG_h(6CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ'hG_h(CJOJQJ]^J_H aJ'hG_hiCJOJQJ]^J_H aJ ,1h. 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