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did stoneage europeans settle in america

• Message 1.Β 

  Posted by anteos (U4228723) on Saturday, 27th May 2006

  Hi
  
  Has this issue as to when america was first settled been resolved yet?
  
  I'm pretty sure that I read an article in which they'd found a body from around 18000bc which had mitrochondrial dna from europe. This predated the crossing of the landbridge by about 5000 - 6000 years.
  
  Apparently people had travelled around the ice in primative boats and reached america.
  
  thanks

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• Message 2

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  Posted by lolbeeble (U1662865) on Saturday, 27th May 2006

  I think its the Kennewick body. Not neccessarily European, just appears to share a common ancestor c. 30,000 years ago.

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  Posted by henvell (U1781664) on Saturday, 27th May 2006

  The question is far from being resolved.
  Bones,which have been modified by humans in the Old Crow Basin of the Yukon,date to circa 28000 BCE.Whether these migrants treked south before the ice sheets closed the passage east of the Rocky Mountains,returned to Beringia or became extinct is a moat point.
  Meadowcroft,Penn. [ca 15000BCE],Cactus Hill,Va. [ca 16500 BCE] and Monte Verde,Chile, [ca 14000 BCE] are all reasonably well researched early occupation sites,[all dates calibrated].
  MtDNA founding haplogroups A,B,C and D came to the Americas via Beringia,which joined Alaska and Siberia during the last glacial maximum.There is a fifth haplogroup X,which is an engima.The American variant X2a is only found in America.Haplogroup X probably originated in the Levant.Whether it was introduced to North America from the east or west is equivocal.More samples of X are needed to determine its source.
  There were people in America by ca 28000BCE.Colonization "may" not have occurred until ca 17000 BCE.There is a lot of speculation.

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  Posted by cristobal (U2944478) on Wednesday, 31st May 2006

  "There are four main mtDNA lineages that may well have been present in the founder immigrants [to the Americas], and these can be linked with the present day southern Siberians. There is also another lineage found in some North Americans called 'X', and this is present in both Asia and Europe... Y-chromosone analyses so far are consistent with an Asian origin for Native Americans."
  
  Stringer and Andrews (2005), The Complete World of Human Evolution. Thames and Hudson.
  
  This theory of European migration is also based on the notion that Clovis tools from North America appear similar to Solutrean tools from Southern Europe. Even if this were so (and it is not), the Solutrean era ended in Europe around 17,000 BP, whereas the first Clovis points date to 13,000 BP. Surely it didn't take the Solutreans four milennia to row across the Atlantic? If so they must have been bloody tired by the time they got there!
  

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