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  • Bonding, structure and properties

    • Bonding

      When a metal element reacts with a non-metal element an ionic compound is formed. When a non-metal element reacts with a non-metal element a covalent bond is formed.

    • Structures and properties

      Different structure types arise as a result of bonding, and affect the properties of materials seen every day.

    • Nanoscience and smart materials

      The use of nano-scale particles is relatively new, and it is still unclear what their long term effect might be on health and the environment. Smart materials include thermochromic pigments, shape memory polymer, shape memory alloy and hydrogels.

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