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A variety of ecosystems are spread across the world, each with distinctive interacting characteristics and components. They range from small (eg a freshwater pond) to global (eg the desert biome).

Tropical rainforests are an important ecosystem with distinct characteristics and adaptations. Tropical rainforests face threats which need to be managed to ensure their survival.

Hot deserts are an important ecosystem with distinct characteristics and adaptations. They provide opportunities for development but also cause challenges such as desertification.

Cold environments are an important ecosystem with distinct characteristics and adaptations. They provide opportunities for development, but are put at risk by the exploitation of resources.